5′-NT 5′-nucleotidase
6-MP 6-mercaptopurine
AAA abdominal aortic aneurysm
AAD antiarrhythmic drug
Ab antibody
ABE acute bacterial endocarditis
ABG arterial blood gas
abnl abnormal
ABPA allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
abx antibiotics
a/c anticoagulation
AC assist control
ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACEI ACE inhibitor
ACI anemia of chronic inflammation
ACL anticardiolipin antibody
ACLS advanced cardiac life support
ACS acute coronary syndrome
ACTH adrenocorticotrophic hormone
ACV acyclovir
ADA adenosine deaminase
ADH antidiuretic hormone
ADL activities of daily living
AF atrial fibrillation
AFB acid-fast bacilli
AFL atrial flutter
AFP α-fetoprotein
AFTP ascites fluid total protein
AG aminoglycoside anion gap
Ag antigen
AGN acute glomerulonephritis
AI adrenal insufficiency
aortic insufficiency aromatase inhibitor
AIDS acquired immunodefic. synd.
AIH autoimmune hepatitis
AIHA autoimmune hemolytic anemia
AIN acute interstitial nephritis
AIP acute interstitial pneumonia
AKI acute kidney injury
ALF acute liver failure
ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia
ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ALT alanine aminotransferase
AMA anti-mitochondrial antibody
AMI anterior myocardial infarction
AML acute myelogenous leukemia
amy amylase
ANA antinuclear antibody
ANCA antineutrophilic cytoplasmic Ab
AoD aortic dissection
AoV aortic valve
APAP acetyl-para-aminophenol
APC activated protein C
APL acute promyelocytic leukemia
APLA antiphospholipid Ab
APS antiphospholipid Ab synd.
ARB angiotensin receptor blocker
ARDS acute resp distress synd.
ARV antiretroviral
ARVC arrhythmogenic RV CMP
AS aortic stenosis
ASA aspirin
ASD atrial septal defect
AST aspartate aminotransferase
asx asymptomatic
AT atrial tachycardia
ATII angiotensin II
ATIII antithrombin III
ATN acute tubular necrosis
ATRA all-trans-retinoic acid
AV atrioventricular
AVA aortic valve area
AVB atrioventricular block
AVNRT AV nodal reentrant tachycardia
AVR aortic valve replacement
AVRT AV reciprocating tachycardia
a/w associated with
AZA azathioprine
Aϕ alkaline phosphatase
BAL bronchoalveolar lavage
βB beta-blocker
BBB bundle branch block
b/c because
BCx blood culture
BD bile duct
BDZ benzodiazepines
bili. bilirubin
BiPAP bilevel positive airway pressure
BiV biventricular
BM bone marrow
bowel movement
BMD bone mineral density
BMI body mass index
BMS bare metal stent
BNP B-type natriuretic peptide
BP blood pressure
BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy
BRBPR bright red blood per rectum
BS breath sounds
BT bleeding time
BUN blood urea nitrogen
bx biopsy
BYCE buffered charcoal yeast extract
C′ complement
CABG coronary artery bypass grafting
CAD coronary artery disease
CAH congenital adrenal hyperplasia
CALLA common ALL antigen
CAPD chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
CBC complete blood count
CBD common bile duct
CCB calcium channel blocker
CCl4 carbon tetrachloride
CCP cyclic citrullinated peptide
CCS Canadian Cardiovascular Society
CCY cholecystectomy
CD Crohn’s disease
CEA carcinoembryonic antigen
carotid endarterectomy
ceph. cephalosporin
c/f concern for
CF cystic fibrosis
CFU colony forming units
CHB complete heart block
CHD congenital heart disease
CHF congestive heart failure
CI cardiac index
CIAKI contrast-induced AKI
CIDP chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
CJD Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
CK creatine kinase
CKD chronic kidney disease
CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia
CML chronic myelogenous leukemia
CMML chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
CMP cardiomyopathy
CMV cytomegalovirus
CN cranial nerve
CNI calcineurin inhibitor
CNS central nervous system
coagulase-negative Staphylococci
CO carbon monoxide
cardiac output
COP cryptogenic organizing PNA
COPD chronic obstructive pulm. dis.
COX cyclo-oxygenase
CP chest pain
CPAP continuous positive airway pressure
CPP cerebral perfusion pressure
CPPD calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
Cr creatinine
CrAg cryptococcal antigen
CRC colorectal cancer
CrCl creatinine clearance
CRP C-reactive protein
CRT cardiac resynchronization therapy
c/s consult
CsA cyclosporine A
CSF cerebrospinal fluid
CSM carotid sinus massage
CT computed tomogram
CTA CT angiogram
CTD connective tissue disease
CTX ceftriaxone
CV cardiovascular
CVA cerebrovascular accident
CVD cerebrovascular disease
collagen vascular disease
CVID common variable immunodefic.
CVP central venous pressure
CVVH continuous veno-venous hemofiltration
c/w compared with
consistent with
CW chest wall
cx culture
CXR chest radiograph
CYC cyclophosphamide
d day
D death
ΔMS change in mental status
DA dopamine
DAD diffuse alveolar damage
DAH diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
DAT direct antiglobulin test
DBP diastolic blood pressure
d/c discharge
discontinue
DCCV direct current cardioversion
DCIS ductal carcinoma in situ
DCMP dilated cardiomyopathy
DCT distal collecting tubule
Ddx differential diagnosis
DES drug-eluting stent
DFA direct fluorescent antigen detection
DI diabetes insipidus
DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation
diff. differential
DIP desquamative interstitial pneumonitis
distal interphalangeal (joint)
DKA diabetic ketoacidosis
DLCO diffusion capacity of the lung
DLE drug-induced lupus
DM dermatomyositis
diabetes mellitus
DMARD disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug
DOE dyspnea on exertion
DRE digital rectal exam
DRESS drug reaction w/ eosinophilia & systemic symptoms
DSE dobutamine stress echo
DST dexamethasone suppression test
DTRs deep tendon reflexes
DU duodenal ulcer
DVT deep vein thrombosis
dx diagnosis
EAD extreme axis deviation
EAV effective arterial volume
EBV Epstein-Barr virus
ECG electrocardiogram
ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
ED emergency department
EDP end-diastolic pressure
EDV end-diastolic volume
EEG electroencephalogram
EF ejection fraction
EGD esophagogastroduodenoscopy
EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
EGPA eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
EI entry inhibitor
EIA enzyme-linked immunoassay
ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EM electron microscopy
EMB ethambutol
ENaC epithelial Na channel
ENT ears, nose, & throat
e/o evidence of
EOM extraocular movement/muscles
EP electrophysiology
Epo erythropoietin
EPS electrophysiology study
ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
ERV expiratory reserve volume
ESA erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
ESBL extended spectrum beta-lactamase
ESP end-systolic pressure
ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate
ESRD end-stage renal disease
ESV end-systolic volume
ET endotracheal tube
essential thrombocythemia
EtOH alcohol
ETT endotracheal tube
exercise tolerance test
EUS endoscopic ultrasound
EVAR endovascular aneurysm repair
FDP fibrin degradation product
FEV1 forced expir. vol in 1 sec
FFP fresh frozen plasma
FHx family history
FI fusion inhibitor
FMD fibromuscular dysplasia
FMF familial Mediterranean fever
FNA fine-needle aspiration
FOB fecal occult blood
FOBT fecal occult blood testing
FQ fluoroquinolone
FRC functional residual capacity
FSGS focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
FSH follicle-stimulating hormone
FTI free thyroxine index
FUO fever of unknown origin
f/up follow-up
FVC forced vital capacity
G6PD glc-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
GB gallbladder
GBM glomerular basement membrane
GBS Guillain-Barré syndrome
GCA giant cell arteritis
GCS Glasgow coma scale
G-CSF granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
GE gastroesophageal
gen. generation
GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease
GFR glomerular filtration rate
GGT γ-glutamyl transpeptidase
GH growth hormone
GIB gastrointestinal bleed
GIST gastrointestinal stromal tumor
glc glucose
GMCSF granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
GN glomerulonephritis
GNR gram-negative rods
GnRH gonadotropin-releasing hormone
GPA granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis
GPC gram-positive cocci
GPI glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor
GRA glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism
GU gastric ulcer
GVHD graft-versus-host disease
h hour
H2RA H2-receptor antagonist
HA headache
HACA human antichimeric antibody
HAV hepatitis A virus
Hb hemoglobin
HBIG hepatitis B immunoglobulin
HBV hepatitis B virus
HCC hepatocellular carcinoma
HCMP hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hct hematocrit
HCV hepatitis C virus
HCW health care worker
HD hemodialysis
HDL high-density lipoprotein
HDV hepatitis D virus
HELLP hemolysis, abnl LFTs, low plts
HEV hepatitis E virus
HF heart failure
HGPRT hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase
HHS hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
HIT heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
HK hypokinesis
HL Hodgkin lymphoma
h/o history of
HOB head of bed
HoTN hypotension
hpf high-power field
HPT hyperparathyroidism
HR heart rate
HRT hormone replacement therapy
HS hereditary spherocytosis
HSCT hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
HSM hepatosplenomegaly
HSP Henoch-Schönlein purpura
HSV herpes simplex virus
HTN hypertension
HUS hemolytic uremic syndrome
hx history
I&D incision & drainage
IABP intra-aortic balloon pump
IBD inflammatory bowel disease
IBS irritable bowel syndrome
IC inspiratory capacity
ICa ionized calcium
ICD implantable cardiac defibrillator
ICH intracranial hemorrhage
ICP intracranial pressure
ICU intensive care unit
IE infective endocarditis
IGF insulin-like growth factor
IGRA interferon-γ release assay
II integrase inhibitor
IIP idiopathic interstitial PNA
ILD interstitial lung disease
IMI inferior myocardial infarction
infxn infection
inh inhaled
INH isoniazid
INR international normalized ratio
IPAA ileal pouch-anal anastomosis
IPF idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
ITP idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
IVB intravenous bolus
IVC inferior vena cava
IVDU intravenous drug use(r)
IVF intravenous fluids
IVIg intravenous immunoglobulin
JVD jugular venous distention
JVP jugular venous pulse
KS Kaposi’s sarcoma
KUB kidney-ureter-bladder (radiography)
LA left atrium
long-acting
lupus anticoagulant
LABA long-acting β2-agonist
LAD left anterior descending coronary artery
left axis deviation
LAE left atrial enlargement
LAN lymphadenopathy
LAP left atrial pressure
leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
LBBB left bundle branch block
LCA left coronary artery
LCIS lobular carcinoma in situ
LCx left circumflex cor. art.
LDH lactate dehydrogenase
LDL low-density lipoprotein
LE lower extremity
LES lower esophageal sphincter
LFTs liver function tests
LGIB lower gastrointestinal bleed
LGV lymphogranuloma venereum
LH luteinizing hormone
LLQ left lower quadrant
LM left main coronary artery
LMWH low-molecular-weight heparin
LN lymph node
LOS length of stay
LP lumbar puncture
lpf low-power field
LQTS long QT syndrome
LR lactated Ringer’s
LUSB left upper sternal border
LV left ventricle
LVAD LV assist device
LVEDP LV end-diastolic pressure
LVEDV LV end-diastolic volume
LVESD LV end-systolic diameter
LVH left ventricular hypertrophy
LVOT left ventricular outflow tract
LVSD LV systolic dimension
mAb monoclonal antibody
MAC mitral annular calcification
Mycobacterium avium complex
MAHA microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
MALT mucosa-assoc. lymphoid tissue
MAO monoamine oxidase
MAP mean arterial pressure
MAT multifocal atrial tachycardia
MCD minimal change disease
MCP metacarpal phalangeal (joint)
MCS mechanical circulatory support
MCTD mixed connective tissue dis.
MCV mean corpuscular volume
MDI metered dose inhaler
MDMA 3,4-methylenedioxymetham- phetamine (Ecstasy)
MDR multidrug resistant
MDS myelodysplastic syndrome
MEN multiple endocrine neoplasia
MG myasthenia gravis
MGUS monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance
MI myocardial infarction
min minute
min. minimal
MM multiple myeloma
MMEFR max. mid-expir. flow rate
MMF mycophenolate mofetil
MN membranous nephropathy
MNZ metronidazole
mo month
mod. moderate
MODS multiple organ dysfxn synd.
MPA microscopic polyangiitis
MPGN membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
MPN myeloproliferative neoplasm
MR magnetic resonance
mitral regurgitation
MRA magnetic resonance angiography
MRCP MR cholangiopancreatography
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
MRSA methicillin-resistant S. aureus
MS mitral stenosis
MSA multisystem atrophy
MSK musculoskeletal
MTb Mycobacterium tuberculosis
mTOR mechanistic target of rapamycin
MTP metatarsal phalangeal (joint)
MTX methotrexate
MV mitral valve
MVA mitral valve area
MVP mitral valve prolapse
MVR mitral valve replacement
Mϕ macrophage
NAC N-acetylcysteine
NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
NG nasogastric
NGT nasogastric tube
NHL non-Hodgkin lymphoma
niCMP non-ischemic CMP
NIF negative inspiratory force
NJ nasojejunal
nl normal
NM neuromuscular
NMJ neuromuscular junction
NNRTI non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
NNT number needed to treat
NO nitric oxide
NPJT nonparoxysmal junctional tachycardia
NPO nothing by mouth
NPPV noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
NPV negative predictive value
NRTI nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
NS normal saline
NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflam. drug
NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer
NSF nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
NTG nitroglycerin
N/V nausea and/or vomiting
NVE native valve endocarditis
NYHA New York Heart Association
O/D overdose
o/w otherwise
O&P ova & parasites
OA osteoarthritis
OCP oral contraceptive pill
OG osmolal gap
OGT orogastric tube
OGTT oral glucose tolerance test
OI opportunistic infection
OM obtuse marginal cor. art.
OS overall survival
OSA obstructive sleep apnea
OTC over-the-counter
p/w present(s) with
PA pulmonary artery
PAC pulmonary artery catheter
PAD peripheral artery disease
PAN polyarteritis nodosa
PASP PA systolic pressure
PAV percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty
pb problem
PBC primary biliary cholangitis
PCI percutaneous coronary intervention
PCN penicillin
PCP Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
PCR polymerase chain reaction
PCT porphyria cutanea tarda
PCWP pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
PD Parkinson’s disease
peritoneal dialysis
PDA patent ductus arteriosus
posterior descending cor. art.
PE pulmonary embolism
PEA pulseless electrical activity
PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure
PEF peak expiratory flow
PET positron emission tomography
PEx physical examination
PFO patent foramen ovale
PFT pulmonary function test
PGA polyglandular autoimmune syndrome
PHT pulmonary hypertension
PI protease inhibitor
PID pelvic inflammatory disease
PIF prolactin inhibitory factor
PIP peak inspiratory pressure
proximal interphalangeal (joint)
PKD polycystic kidney disease
PM polymyositis
PMF primary myelofibrosis
PMHx past medical history
PMI point of maximal impulse
PML progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
PMN polymorphonuclear leukocyte
PMR polymyalgia rheumatica
PMV percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty
PMVT polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
PNA pneumonia
PND paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
PNH paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
PNS peripheral nervous system
PO oral intake
POTS postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
PPD purified protein derivative
PPH primary pulmonary HTN
PPI proton pump inhibitors
Pplat plateau pressure
PPM permanent pacemaker
PPV positive predictive value
Ppx prophylaxis
PR PR segment on ECG
pulmonary regurgitation
PRBCs packed red blood cells
PRL prolactin
PRPP phosphoribosyl-I-pyrophosphate
PRWP poor R wave progression
PS pressure support
pulmonic stenosis
PSA prostate specific antigen
PsA Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis
PSGN post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
PSHx past surgical history
PSV pressure support ventilation
Pt patient
PT prothrombin time
PTA percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
PTH parathyroid hormone
PTH-rP PTH-related peptide
PTT partial thromboplastin time
PTU propylthiouracil
PTX pneumothorax
PUD peptic ulcer disease
PUVA psoralen + ultraviolet A
PV polycythemia vera
portal vein
PVD peripheral vascular disease
PVE prosthetic valve endocarditis
PVR pulmonary vascular resistance
PZA pyrazinamide
qac before every meal
qhs every bedtime
QoL quality of life
Qw Q wave
RA refractory anemia
rheumatoid arthritis
right atrium
RAA renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
RAD right axis deviation
RAE right atrial enlargement
RAI radioactive iodine
RAIU radioactive iodine uptake
RAS renal artery stenosis
RAST radioallergosorbent test
RBBB right bundle branch block
RBC red blood cell
RBF renal blood flow
RBV ribavirin
RCA right coronary artery
RCMP restrictive cardiomyopathy
RCT randomized controlled trial
RDW red cell distribution width
RE reticuloendothelial
RF rheumatoid factor
risk factor
RFA radiofrequency ablation
RHD rheumatic heart disease
r/i rule in
RI reticulocyte index
RIBA recombinant immunoblot assay
RMSF Rocky Mountain spotted fever
r/o rule out
ROS review of systems
RPGN rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
RR respiratory rate
RRT renal replacement therapy
RT radiation therapy
RTA renal tubular acidosis
RTX rituximab
RUQ right upper quadrant
RUSB right upper sternal border
RV residual volume
right ventricle
RVAD RV assist device
RVH right ventricular hypertrophy
RVOT RV outflow tract
RVSP RV systolic pressure
Rx therapy
RYGB roux-en-Y gastric bypass
SA sinoatrial
SAAG serum-ascites albumin gradient
SAH subarachnoid hemorrhage
SB small bowel
SBE subacute bacterial endocarditis
SBO small bowel obstruction
SBP spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
systolic blood pressure
SBT spontaneous breathing trial
SC subcutaneous
SCD sudden cardiac death
SCID severe combined immunodefic.
SCLC small-cell lung cancer
s/e side effect
Se sensitivity
sec second
SERM selective estrogen receptor modulator
sev. severe
SHBG steroid hormone binding globulin
SIADH synd. of inappropriate ADH
SIBO small intestine bacterial overgrowth
SIEP serum immunoelectrophoresis
SIHD stable ischemic heart disease
SIMV synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation
SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome
SJS Stevens-Johnson syndrome
SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
SMA superior mesenteric artery
SMV superior mesenteric vein
SMX sulfamethoxazole
SOS sinusoidal obstructive synd.
s/p status post
Sp specificity
SPEP serum protein electrophoresis
SR sinus rhythm
s/s signs and symptoms
SSCY Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia
SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
SSS sick sinus syndrome
SSZ sulfasalazine
ST sinus tachycardia
STD ST-segment depression
STE ST-segment elevation
STI sexually transmitted infection
SV stroke volume
SVC superior vena cava
SVR systemic vascular resistance
SVT supraventricular tachycardia
sx symptom(s) or symptomatic
T1D type 1 diabetes mellitus
T2D type 2 diabetes mellitus
T3RU T3 resin uptake
TAA thoracic aortic aneurysm
TAVI transcatheter aortic valve implantation
TB tuberculosis
TBG thyroid binding globulin
TCA tricyclic antidepressant
TCD transcranial Doppler
TCN tetracycline
Tdap tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis
TdP torsades de pointes
TdT terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
TEE transesophageal echo
tfn transfusion
TFTs thyroid function tests
TG triglycerides
TGA transposition of the great arteries
TIA transient ischemic attack
TIBC total iron binding capacity
TINU tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis
TIPS transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
TKI tyrosine kinase inhibitor
TLC total lung capacity
TLS tumor lysis syndrome
TMP trimethoprim
Tn troponin
TP total protein
TPMT thiopurine methyltransferase
TPN total parenteral nutrition
Tpo thrombopoietin
TPO thyroid peroxidase
TR tricuspid regurgitation
TRALI transfusion-related acute lung injury
TRH thyrotropin-releasing hormone
TRS TIMI risk score
TRUS transrectal ultrasound
TS tricuspid stenosis
TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone
TSI thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin
TSS toxic shock syndrome
transsphenoidal surgery
TTE transthoracic echo
TTKG transtubular potassium gradient
TTP thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
TV tricuspid valve
Tw T wave
TWF T-wave flattening
TWI T-wave inversion
Tx transplant
TZD thiazolidinediones
U/A urinalysis
UA unstable angina
UAG urine anion gap
UC ulcerative colitis
UCx urine culture
UES upper esophageal sphincter
UFH unfractionated heparin
UGIB upper gastrointestinal bleed
UIP usual interstitial pneumonitis
ULN upper limit of normal
UOP urine output
UPEP urine protein electrophoresis
UR urgent revascularization
UrA uric acid
URI upper resp. tract infxn
U/S ultrasound
UTI urinary tract infection
V/Q ventilation-perfusion
VAD ventricular assist device
VAP ventilator-associated PNA
VATS video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
VBI vertebrobasilar insufficiency
VC vital capacity
VD vessel disease
VDRL venereal disease research laboratory (test for syphilis)
VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
VEXAS vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic
VF ventricular fibrillation
VLDL very-low-density lipoproteins
VOD veno-occlusive disease
VS vital signs
VSD ventricular septal defect
Vt tidal volume
VT ventricular tachycardia
VTE venous thromboembolus
vWD von Willebrand’s disease
vWF von Willebrand’s factor
VZV varicella zoster virus
w/ with
WBC white blood cell (count)
WCT wide-complex tachycardia
WHO World Health Organization
wk week
WM Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia
WMA wall motion abnormality
w/o without
WPW Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
w/u workup
XRT radiation therapy